Anemia refers to a condition where there is a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the red blood cells, leading to a lack of oxygen in the body. Hemoglobin plays a crucial role in delivering oxygen throughout the body, and a lower concentration can result in symptoms like breathlessness and dizziness.
Anemia can be caused by iron deficiency due to poor diet or dieting, or increased iron needs during pregnancy or lactation. It can also be a result of other diseases or their treatments.
Table of Contents
Types of Anemia
Symptoms of Anemia
How to Prevent Anemia?
What If You Have Anemia?
Types of Anemia
Anemia comes in various forms, including:
・Iron Deficiency Anemia
Occurs when there is a lack of iron, which is essential for hemoglobin. This type accounts for 60-80% of all anemia cases.
・Aplastic Anemia
A rare condition caused by a decrease in bone marrow function, which is responsible for blood production. This affects not just red blood cells, but also white blood cells and platelets.
・Megaloblastic Anemia
Caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid, it can result from stomach surgery or excessive alcohol consumption. Hemolytic anemia occurs when red blood cells break down prematurely, releasing hemoglobin. It can cause the skin and the conjunctiva of the eyes to appear yellow.
・Renal Anemia
Occurs due to decreased kidney function, affecting the body's ability to produce red blood cells.
Symptoms of Anemia
Common symptoms include:
Shortness of breath
Dizziness or light-headedness
Easy fatigue
Headaches
Pale complexion
Angular cheilitis or glossitis
Difficulty swallowing
More advanced symptoms can include a pale conjunctiva (inner eyelid membrane) or nails, and nails that curve outward like a spoon.
How to Prevent Anemia?
・Eat Iron-Rich Foods
Diet plays a vital role in preventing anemia. Eat regularly and focus on iron-rich foods such as green leafy vegetables, seafood, liver, clams, and high-quality proteins.
・Avoid Tannins and Dietary Fiber
Foods and drinks high in tannins (like coffee and tea) or dietary fiber can inhibit iron absorption. It’s better to consume them after meals or limit their intake. Hem iron supplements are also effective, as they have a high absorption rate.
・Use Iron Cookware
Cooking with iron cookware can help supplement your iron intake.
What If You Have Anemia?
Sudden onset of anemia could indicate internal bleeding or other diseases. If you frequently experience dizziness, breathlessness, or palpitations, seek medical attention as soon as possible. If you suddenly feel dizzy or light-headed, squat down to a low position, loosen your belt or buttons, and rest until the symptoms pass.